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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">区块链，并不是想象的那么乐观</h1>
        

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        <h2 id="区块链现状"><a href="#区块链现状" class="headerlink" title="区块链现状"></a>区块链现状</h2><p>“新华社北京10月25日电，区块链技术的集成应用在新的技术革新和产业变革中起着重要作用。我们要把区块链作为核心技术自主创新的重要突破口，明确主<br>攻方向，加大投入力度，着力攻克一批关键核心技术，加快推动区块链技术和产业创新发展。”目前国家比较重视区块链技术的自主创新，而且也明鼓励技术突破。而且我国成为了首个发行数字货币的国家。DCEP（Digital Currency Electronic Payment），是中国人民银行研发的电子货币。有利于人民币的流通和国际化。同时DCEP可以实现货币创造、记账、流动等数据的实时采集。<br>    最近随着国家对区块链技术的重视，不少虚拟货币也随之增值<br>    <a id="more"></a><br>    <img src="1.jpg" alt="1.jpg"><br>    说点我自己的看法，区块链技术是现有技术的组合(分布式设计，P2P网络，共识算法等)，是思想上的创新和变革。但是币圈很乱，也很浮躁，百分之九十的<br>公司并没有研发区块链相关技术，而是致力于发币，发币割韭菜。早些年，有些公司结合区块链技术写个白皮书就能拉来投资，至于白皮书的技术和设想能否实现，他们自己也不知道。我加入的几个群，讨论技术的少之又少，多半都是哪个公司发币了，要不要炒币。目前没看到国内哪个公司发行高可用的区块链操作系统，比特币定位越来越明确，就是作为虚拟的加密数字货币。而EOS(柚子链)，Ethereum(以太坊)等则定位为区块链操作系统，类似于Linux，Windows等操作系统，可以在上面跑应用，而这些应用叫做dapp，目前这些区块链成熟产品都不是国产的，目前技术这块，还有待突破。</p>
<h2 id="没有成熟区块链产品"><a href="#没有成熟区块链产品" class="headerlink" title="没有成熟区块链产品"></a>没有成熟区块链产品</h2><p>无论国内还是国外，没有成熟的区块链产品落地。我查看了几款区块链相关的dapp，大部分是结合交易所开发相关钱包，钱包就是一款dapp，支持购买相应<br>的虚拟货币。还有一部分dapp是区块链小游戏，说是小游戏都有点过，就是博彩类转骰子的功能，说白了还不过是满足大部分的赌徒心里。就目前成熟的三款区块链产品来谈，比特币定位为虚拟货币，不做操作系统发展，剩下两个EOS和Ethereum是区块链操作系统，EOS比Ethereum效率更好一些，毕竟不是完全去中心化，EOS通过部分中心化的共识算法，提升了效率。目前基于EOS开发的dapp也没什么两点，而且没有得到推广和应用。<br>    究竟什么原因呢？我认为主要原因是性能瓶颈并未突破。性能方面，CPU，RAM,NET等都受限于节点配置(所谓节点打个比方就好比是P2P网络中的节点),拿<br>EOS举例，开发者想要基于EOS做dapp并发布(就好比我们开发一款app上android应用市场一样)，需要支付一定的费用购买相应的EOS代币，再通过EOS代币抵押给EOS系统，租赁CPU,NET，购买RAM。就这操蛋的设计，不说开发一款应用难度，单说资金这块就能卡死一部分开发者。EOS的资源购买和抵押是非常贵的，这也是没有成熟dapp落地的主要原因。大部分公司都没有这么多资金试水，何况独立开发者。换句话说，我有相同的钱能做一款爆款互联网app，上android和ios市场，还有资金运维，干嘛非要跟自己过不去，拿一个技术有瓶颈的区块链操作系统试水啊？有钱烧的？烧钱不是这么烧的。EOS提供了合约机制，所谓合约其实就是规则，告诉每个节点执行那些操作，处理那些请求，可悲的是，合约所支持的数据结构也有限，而且RAM,NET,CPU等使用也要谨慎。比如把现在成熟的一些手游移植到EOS中，受限的不是玩法实现的难度，反而是合约所限制的内存带宽等资源。</p>
<h2 id="到现在还不懂区块链是什么"><a href="#到现在还不懂区块链是什么" class="headerlink" title="到现在还不懂区块链是什么"></a>到现在还不懂区块链是什么</h2><p>有很多人，我相信至少70%的人不知道区块链是什么。我的很多搞开发的朋友也不知道，更何况平民老百姓了。很多资料上说区块链就是分布式账本，<br>我给大家解释一下，传统的服务器和客户端模型是C/S结构，C/S结构就是多个Client对应一个Server，如下图<br><img src="2.jpg" alt="2.jpg"><br>多个Client向一个Server请求数据，这是传统的C/S框架。后来为了解决单个Server的瓶颈和限制，提出了分布式设计的思想，可部署多个Server，这些Server协同处理客户端请求，如下图<br><img src="3.jpg" alt="3.jpg"><br>当客户端大量请求时，优先将请求发送给balancer负载均衡器，负载均衡器通过负载均衡算法(轮询，随机等)派发给空闲服务器。服务器处理好后再互相同步。<br>目前，大部分的互联网公司都采用这种结构。只是随着云技术的推广和应用，将Server中不同的服务处理独立成一个服务Service，部署到docker中独立运行，思路大体相同。<br>接下来谈谈区块链，区块链其实和分布式进程类似，就是将上面的Server独立成节点，各个节点之间通过同步算法同步数据。同步算法涉及安全性，高效性，去冗余等规则，这些算法就是我们经常听到的共识算法，大部分算法都用到了拜占庭协议，感兴趣的可以了解下。<br><img src="4.jpg" alt="4.jpg"><br>节点之间通过共识算法同步数据，每个节点都记录了区块信息，这些区块信息在节点中是通过链表组织的，后一个块记录了前一个块的信息，所以当某个节点<br>篡改区块链信息时，其他节点可以通过共识算法判断出它是内鬼，就会将这个节点信息修复。<br>一个节点中区块的组织形式如下<br><img src="5.jpg" alt="5.jpg"><br>那么当一个请求过来，节点收到请求后该如何处理呢？这就要谈到合约机制了。合约其实就是一串代码，定义了一系列函数，这些函数可被节点调用。我们只需要将写好的合约编译，发布在指定节点，之后节点通过同步算法同步给其他节点，这样网络中大部分节点就能处理客户端请求了。<br>区块链的知识并不复杂，感兴趣的读者可以了解下EOS，这里有我对EOS源码的剖析<br><a href="http://www.limerence2017.com/categories/blockchain/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.limerence2017.com/categories/blockchain/</a></p>
<h2 id="是否有必要转行做区块链开发"><a href="#是否有必要转行做区块链开发" class="headerlink" title="是否有必要转行做区块链开发"></a>是否有必要转行做区块链开发</h2><p>不少开发者都会有疑问是否要转行做区块链开发，毕竟区块链是新兴的技术，而且薪水也不低，我认为还是取决于自己吧，区块链技术目前还在发展之中，落地应用少之又少，如果你觉得这是风口浪尖，可以搏一搏，而且你又对区块链相关技术特别感兴趣，那么可以试着做一下转型，区块链目前招聘的岗位也不多，大部分招聘合约开发，钱包开发，也有招聘跨链研究的，如果你觉得目前操之过急，那么你可以安心做好目前的工作，业余时间了解相关技术和知识，见风使舵也不迟。<br>    感兴趣的读者可以先了解下区块链相关知识：共识算法, P2P网络, boost::asio , EOS合约写法等。这是我用boost::asio写的异步服务器，和EOS网络层<br>实现方式差不多。<br><a href="https://github.com/secondtonone1/boostserver" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/secondtonone1/boostserver</a></p>
<p>感谢关注我的公众号<br><img src="wxgzh.jpg" alt="wxgzh.jpg"></p>

      
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